[nostrademons]

That's the natural evolution of most tech markets. When the tech is young, proprietary companies dominate because they can control the customer experience better and deliver functionality that is simply too complex for open solutions. As the technology matures, customers start demanding interoperability, reliability, better prices, and eventually some employees "defect" from one of the big companies and start the open standards that replace their ex-employer, or an outsider reads a paper and re-implements the technology from scratch.

> Is there as good example of open standard forcing companies to give up their proprietary tech ?

UNIX -> Linux, BSD

Oracle/Sybase -> MySQL/PostgresQL

Symbolics/Lucid -> Common Lisp

Altair/Apple/Commodore/Atari -> IBM PC & clones

VMWare -> QEMU

Basically every tech that Google pioneered and then missed out on commercializing. Protobufs -> Avro/Parquet, MapReduce -> Hadoop, Flume -> Spark, Chubby -> Zookeeper, Borg -> Kubernetes, etc.