I haven't seen these sorts of native prompts. Even passkey prompts open with a popover toast that covers the bottom part of the screen to confirm which account you want to use. Do you know what mechanism Duo is using in this example?
Edit: could this be a prompt from a failed faceID authentication for the app's secure enclave storage? most of those prompts aren't cancelable, but this tiktok one is
Normally you'll see a prompt like "touch/face id for [app name]". If the authentication fails, you'll have the option to enter your passcode, which opens the screen in the above screenshot.
Edit: could this be a prompt from a failed faceID authentication for the app's secure enclave storage? most of those prompts aren't cancelable, but this tiktok one is