[Ygg2]

> physics without metaphysics has causation.

Not necessarily. There is chance and entanglement on small scales.

Causation is an emergent property. It might not also hold. It could be all Superdetermined. Or synced to quantumly evolve.

[c0pium]

If you read a scientific paper that talks about causation, you will see things like confidence intervals and assumptions. That’s what causality means, causal with some confidence under some set of circumstances and preconditions. That’s what science is.