[jandrewrogers]

Modern C++ supports this pretty extensively via the type system. You can define/construct integer types with almost arbitrary constraints and properties that otherwise look like normal integers, for example. The template / generics / metaprogramming / type inference facilities in C++ make it trivial. Some categories of unsafe type interactions can be detected at compile-time with minimal effort, it isn't just runtime asserts.

This is common in C++ for reliable systems. You infrequently see a naked 'int' or similar (usually at OS interfaces), almost all of the primitive types are constrained to the context. It is a very useful type of safety. You can go pretty far with a surprisingly small library of type templates if the constraint specification parameters are flexible.

(This is also a good exercise to learn elementary C++ template metaprogramming. A decent constrained integer implementation doesn't require understanding deep arcana, unlike some other template metaprogramming wizardry.)