[mrbait]

These all are excellent questions for someone making a systems language, but that's not quite what I had in mind.

I'm more interested in surveying the boundary between systems and application languages, rather than exploring the design space for a systems language.

In other words, what Python, Haskell or JavaScript lack that systems languages must have?

[funcDropShadow]

- Predictable memory layout of data structures.

- Static typing. System-level programming often has more complete requirements and more stable requirements than, business information applications. Languages for system-level programming should utilize that.

- Ability to run without heavy runtime-system.