As parent pointed out, the MVC in server-side development only shares a name with the MVC in GUI development. Yes, MVC is a proven and popular name. But it means different things to different people.
Why would it be different? The concept of Models is the same whether it is client-side or server-side. These are objects that encapsulate business logic. The concept of Views is also the same. These are responsible for rendering the screen. The concept of controllers? That too is the same. Controllers determine application flow from one screen to the next.
The server is typically not a retained-mode kind of abstraction. Incremental view maintenance in retained-mode MVC systems is the main source of bugs. If you render the view from scratch on every request, it's more similar to React style immediate-mode UI than something like UIKit where you end up handling many UI events and keeping little bits of the UI up-to-date with model changes incrementally.
You can render the view from scratch on every user interaction, even in MVC. In fact, you can use React for that purpose. "Lots of people use React as the V in MVC." See that quote on this page: https://github.com/facebook/react/tree/015833e5942ce55cf31ae...
Personally, I have not run into large amounts of bugs of this type, and I have written plenty of MVC code using VanillaJS.
As I said, "MVC", model, view, controller - popular names. But if you've ever done MVC GUI programming, and MVC web programming, you find that the relationship is merely analogous. And even within both camps, there is such variety that I don't think you can fairly call MVC a single technology. It's a (very) loose pattern.