A lot of these things are covered in computer science lectures if you pick the right ones. But you can also pick them up yourself by being curious how things work and reading papers or looking at existing game/engine source code. There are also many online resources as the sibling posters point out. Having at least some basic linear algebra or programming education makes things easier to understand.
School, then work, is the most traditional route. If you’re past that point and want to learn, the best use of that list is to use it as a self-learning syllabus and set of search terms, so you can start to practice.