[bafe]

You seem to confuse "real"state management solutions (closures, objects) with syntactic sugar like context managers. Any class implementing __enter__ and __exit__ can be used as a context manager. The protocol doesn't impose any semantics to it. As for the presence of closures additionally to objects: this is a natural consequence of having nested functions and lexical scoping. However, it is quite uncommon to use closures to manage state in Python.