There is no smartphone requirement in RFC 6238. Smartphones are simply the device that a lot of people use as their user-agent, but you can use a computer if you prefer.
You could get those little mini RSA token things that are just a battery-powered thing the size of a USB stick. I assume those are still around... haven't used one in years tho.
Couldn't you just set up a text service to request a one time token? That way you could fall back to SMS, but it wouldn't be required.
(e.g., anyone could create a service that someone could use, which would allow them to request a 2fa code to be issued over SMS at any time after enrolling it via the OTP pairing process)
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6238