[bartwr]

As an engineer, you generally don't know which one applies. Even qualified lawyers don't decide on the actual criminality (a jury or judge after a valid trial does).

So I assume that "reporting wrongdoing" encompasses reporting up your management chain anything that "feels off," from mildly misleading marketing to actual witnessed or experienced harassment. Probably, in the vast majority of the cases, you are not qualified to judge it.

And in any case, even if you are wrong and the reported thing is "ok", there should never be any retaliation for just raising concerns and speaking up.

Side note and something hilarious, creepy, but kind of making sense: at one workplace (not SV big tech, but a big company), I had a manager-only training about "illegal harassment" that explicitly taught us what kinds of harassment are illegal (against protected categories) vs. "just" breaking the company's code of conduct, with quizzes on hypothetical situations and asking us "is this bad behavior potentially illegal harassment?".