[crazygringo]

Battery swap stations don't take random batteries of unknown provenance -- they only take known batteries with known, tracked histories from one or more manufacturers who have set up to participate, and they're not going to take damaged ones.

> by nature of the service it is a very lucrative vulnerability to exploit

I'm having a hard time imagining what the lucrative vulnerability is here?

The only thing I can imagine is for someone to take a new battery, swap its insides with a 10-year-old or otherwise damaged battery and put that into circulation, so that they now have a new battery almost for free.

But there are so many safeguards you can implement against that -- even if you manage to bypass all manner of physical anti-tampering and cryptographically signed hardware attestation, the swap is going to be detected during the next charging cycle (you can't fake receiving electricity the way fraudulent 32 MB flash drives can fake having 128 GB written to them), and you can go arrest the culprits for stolen goods and/or fraud and/or whatever.

I'm having an extremely difficult time seeing any viable "lucrative" criminal enterprise here at all. Sure, someone can tamper with or damage a battery the same way they could with a gas grill propane canister, but there's no money to be made in that.