[darkerside]

Two beefs with this article. One, it creates a linear scale for what are probably multiple orthogonal concepts. Accounting for even one more axis would make the article much more interesting and useful.

Two, I don't think 4 is necessarily more effort than 3 (for some values of 4 and 3). What does take a lot of time is if different engineers have different ideas of what 3 and 4 are but lack the perspective to understand each other and choose a common standard. Everyone will choose faster if everybody follows static typing because you can rely on assumptions you otherwise couldn't. And, everyone can move faster if we don't worry about any of that static typing crap. If engineers take different approaches, everybody will move slower and probably hate their jobs as well.