[cglan]

Making code that works on all primitives and accounting for nulls/empty each time is way more difficult than using a type system.

That’s the same argument people always use. “If you account for every case and also have 30 billion unit tests you can avoid all the problems”. The reality is, people don’t. They cut corners, they forget, or they simply make mistakes.

Not only that, debugging a system without types is a terrible experience, and IDEs don’t offer nearly the same level of refactoring support for untyped languages bc it gets very hard or impossible to infer what’s going on.

If it’s a personal project or a small script, untyped languages are fine. Any other scenario you should be using types