[qwytw]

It depends on the services the state provides and the enterprises it owns (if it directly owns utility providers, some housing or even . A significant proportion of that 55% is used to pay salaries or for goods and services provided by other businesses.

e.g. France and Germany own ~11% of Airbus (in addition to many other companies) each, so 11% of their dividends go to the state (in addition to taxes) which gets to spend them increasing government expenditures to GDP ratio. Boeing OTH is entirely private owned which reduces the same ratio in the US.