[badpun]

All that stuff is being worked on by domain experts. I.e. you need to understand cancer or food production in order to think up the code that will help make progress on those subjects. Then, you either code it yourself if you have the coding skills and the time, or hire some coders to code it for you.

An example to help you understand this (as the term "domain expert" is foreign to you). You have a cancer researcher, who's spend years, or decades, learning whatever they can about cancer. They come up with a research problem which would be helped by some code - e.g. they want computer vision program to help them automatically classify some cells in pictures taken with a microscope. This image classification is in itself a small task in the grand scheme on studying cancer and ways to treat it, and it can't be even conceptualized without the deep domain knowledge the researcher has. This researcher is the "domain expert" I'm talking about.