[Thristle]

The precentage of woman and children in the population is known but that is only relevant if you assume Israel is bombing randomly

Some civilians evict themselves from these areas (north and central gaza mainly)

Some of the bombed areas would have less civilians in them even before the war since they are used by hamas for war (but obviously not 0)

Israel publishes the high ranking Hamas members that are confirmed dead but don't report civ/"grunts"

Not that I am saying we should take the health ministry word as fact (they lied before, Al-Ahli Hospital is just an example) but I don't think their numbers would be orders of magnitude off

[tyingq]

Mentioned in another comment, but 6000 bombs went into that small area, within a week. Mostly JDAMS that have a really large kill radius.

Look at the number of bombs dropped in an entire year, into an entire country, by the US: https://progressive.org/latest/usa-bombs-drop-benjamin-davie... That gives an idea of the scale of the bombing in Gaza...it's HUGE.

There's almost certainly an extremely high number of civilian deaths, without having to look at the Gaza Health Ministry numbers at all.