To be even more pedantic, "quadcopter" is a statement about airframe layout, and "drone" is a statement about control, and neither necessarily implies the other. You can have a non-drone quadcopter [0] or a non-quadcopter drone [1].
Those things actually exists and are called NPU (Neural Processing Unit). Many recent ARM CPU have them (Apple, Qualcomm, etc.) and even new RISC-V CPU. They're different from GPU in being even more constrained in programming requiring usage of a fixed function vendor-supplied library.