[Fanmade]

Well, you're of course using the best example on the one side and the worst on the other side, so that's not really a fair comparison.

Apart from that: The phones generally try to substitute the tiny sensors through highly complex software algorithms, creating something that sometimes only has a broad similarity with the original scene. The cameras, on the opposite, usually have crappy software and rely on their great sensors (and other hardware). So in an ideal world, you'd have a proper camera with good software. That software then doesn't have to do all the (good or bad) stuff which is only there to try to make the best out of less than ideal image input, but instead it can provide more user friendly features which allow making quick and easy photos without having to study tutorials for a week (yes, now I am exaggerating a little on purpose :)).

This software doesn't have to do all the crap that in any way reduces the image quality in the end.

Please don't just think in the extremes, but look for the healthy middle way that would provide the best out of both worlds.

It is not Android that does the image processing itself btw., but special software that the phone manufacturers add on top of Android. So this part would be the responsibility of the camera's manufacturer again, but this time they could focus more on their central use case (help making good pictures) instead of writing everything (like the user interface) themselves. And they could even provide their users with more options to extend their software for even better photos.