I guess "100% secure against phising" is incompatible with "the user can in any way access the key" because if you knew the key, in theory some super-convincing phishing site could get you to spill it.
I still think the real reason is lock-in, but I could imagine this is their official justification.
Given all of the horror stories (some real, some hypothetical) told in this thread, it seems that one of the major side effects of passkeys — if not the primary purpose — is to keep you locked into whatever you used to create your passkey. Plaintext export would ameliorate that.
Passkeys are supposed to eliminate the need for companies to store a password so we no longer have to deal with the fallout of 40 breaches a year. In order to export passkeys it has to be in plaintext at some point, even if encrypted once again into the export file. Point is, one of the huge selling points of pushing people to use passkeys is the portability and lack of vendor lock in yet here we are with choices that are all currently vendor lock in.
I still think the real reason is lock-in, but I could imagine this is their official justification.