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by pnpnp 996 days ago
What are the pros/cons of Ed448?
1 comments
throw0101a 996 days ago
> Ed25519 is one of the two digital signature algorithms today that use the EdDSA algorithm framework. The other is Ed448, which targets a higher security level (224-bit vs 128-bit) but is also slower and uses SHAKE256 (which is overkill and not great for performance).

* https://soatok.blog/2022/05/19/guidance-for-choosing-an-elli...

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isilofi 996 days ago
I'm using RSA8192 with SSH and not seeing any noticable performance problems. ECC is generally faster than RSA, so just always using Ed448 or even larger should be a no-brainer.
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throw0101a 996 days ago
Your personal RSA/ECC SSH keys are there for the initial key exchange, after which a session key is created (cycled after x bytes / y seconds).

But if you're handling hundreds or thousands of operations per second (e.g., a web site), then the delays add up.

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isilofi 996 days ago
If you are doing hundreds or thousands of SSH connections per second, you are doing something wrong. At least in 99.9% of cases.

Github might be different, but not the rest of the world.

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throw0101a 996 days ago
The comments about Ed25519 versus Ed448 were meant for the general case of their use, and not (necessarily) strictly in the use for SSH.

However, the reason for Ed25519 use in OpenSSH is because the keys are much smaller, and easier to cut/paste/etc, for the same security factor. The fact that they are faster for signing is a bonus.

* https://lists.mindrot.org/pipermail/openssh-unix-dev/2023-Se...

RFC 8032 § 7.1. Test Vectors for Ed25519:

    SECRET KEY:
    9d61b19deffd5a60ba844af492ec2cc44449c5697b326919703bac031cae7f60
    
    PUBLIC KEY:
    d75a980182b10ab7d54bfed3c964073a0ee172f3daa62325af021a68f707511a
RFC 8032 § 7.4. Test Vectors for Ed448

    SECRET KEY:
    6c82a562cb808d10d632be89c8513ebf6c929f34ddfa8c9f63c9960ef6e348a3
    528c8a3fcc2f044e39a3fc5b94492f8f032e7549a20098f95b

    PUBLIC KEY:
    5fd7449b59b461fd2ce787ec616ad46a1da1342485a70e1f8a0ea75d80e96778
    edf124769b46c7061bd6783df1e50f6cd1fa1abeafe8256180
A comparable RSA 3072 key is much longer:

    -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    MIIG4wIBAAKCAYEA1MSdsaPH2ShtjOo4c02+DbYcTdwUBLY+vNSXr2tV8/jGU059
    Jak9CA7VSlKR/fik18D7Lq1beLjW56kV4Xvm3qmpxOc3eNGmj8dqtO0G3Lp1FAZz
    xlu2SZsHmmVq9isZcN70apkwlDgIZ11NVIq/1iXzr0pIRMKkMNHTGBGBkYOrIcgd
    H2elvIqfiit6Gts/zho4YCjgyn/r3Vgy/jCu6VbfwE9xVY/DB4srD5LrZMabRzN2
    YwSTI+sRqpbt7I7nZ6o8CuyqHDLjbO9VzE0povBshTfoyog9XGcQHwTmWn4bdnsh
    2I1x3gQpaqxdRs4vnKmXJ9GvC/sYla0GYXyDecpgjITqx3QA6aKx9+EVh/o6owYT
    HXaToVkP7U5m8cqaloQFfA8HLsGDg9A0QaMtixnX7KtT/ZvKFMcazRJ1GX42Uaeu
    O1opZKtjBHLtmaPadNeZdD77VytwY2UHeW5QSnfpos7IxUTATpd6KTWUV3snVQny
    iltCI1BHJC01sWePAgMBAAECggGAEG1tz31ZvMaGTs72tNBX0C8zWD+ZvBNmHKY9
    X+nlpQScK2pv9yxt7eVXSnm9k+JSt+XKfvwbh+KdlR1U9yfd12s6FF3VxppJReib
    sIRsdzZeO8GTxsjl9iDmIWGbNI53VGOic2iIe6kn3PMzOUfNL/eWLP6LPePZUXuh
    1MXlPxrvZ5hPx1D1Vu1NDBn3P4OWFY+osqP1Vy0xRNG+fim8F4ABnpODqJuE71wr
    YvRxAELlUkYC6fo8chWAM6+bhxwxVaGiIKluikmVJtt0/aAcKR6fUogGfcumRGPp
    HzFRDZBVdLmVwbpVrfCbULP7wYk2A5QMu2skAlZSYtyWJbBRXvgweEXepJaXC6FW
    atD5ypi1kSX9K71BRM7DKrmY2/RsyR6Y8a2PdiOHB5MNYKoeH5o2k0htsV2zUspo
    4nER4AB5a5fEysGg3yCST+m2q7UOBvcB0LblE/0sNuOGtCNPmtChdZxspsVRm2ID
    XkKrljy+cdOsxZ0iVcvGhyJRhlCBAoHBAOn6KMfbB11uliVyouFfV5ZoiWPeIXbF
    wkAnev+8kF/GmYU7bAFAhRg2qzwqTVlC2eeG+dHKgr9+xHjsTOIoLB/5jPgcIfY9
    l0lZ9LmNwwvI3wg6XWnwQf9X97YZ1E1A3TpBU5XNzTo7hVtZgHDIf4ufB5sDhZ1S
    nXf/+uBe7gJMMnizpq/tqr+0oPJd4uac1rTp2wsFx6MJjOR8kijZOnr3SdKNU3xo
    shZWlRHy9qCjftxTIuOFSxdEZhJUm87w8QKBwQDoy2hYI0hMn3+lwu30lk4+LGSW
    9ij7AzyTVcRR9FbYciTMQ24IrK020A9rDXkVkJ6FeTbCtT3UkFOlz3JZkEpvY/qd
    Mf8hfd5IO68R1Z5lZpLCFAqcIRUE9l7En9nMiuqdDPZJfhUjhlajzhQotYEv1Fqq
    WDmK0IaklSfGJt0LVsZSuINErHaC5HjJocL86Cqao9a1rxgJA7maCfirwABAafHc
    6OhFuW5Pi6IXj9QbM7PgbGjIIXPDFfs7FkqF4H8CgcEAu0MACJSAXIL5oJcTTZVl
    IHgiHc/WsJyuT3JJuwxL8Juem0dntcjRvQNkIQ8qQNqEVA1vPDz8UA9BaBaXohnM
    1vp/nMPHWrEIuChK+YdAJ9poxskPoo4sBBV/qDsb84iKhulp4GeKbaTdorMLXTja
    /AAXsjUrZzKL3VL+kzzm+OfLLVd7fSqWkkAa4F/MDg5QuRLBwRyrHw2xud0Jja/u
    YiQw7Vc3Dkcs4TwCqw7t3Lt9+RCAx+ASrViM6PbWjNXBAoHAa0fiDEwmM3mFn+RX
    ONJTuH9I0/EZLaRuNA/ga0xJAXKI1sF0YfcB1DLKCDGrTW7aPvR/cfeISP9CLTWO
    owvF4dOXWP4Db3HMEEnBAl0Jo/1DQMFvqkfsod7QCZkJDCQwvrOMhI3gPADayJ5d
    1+zdXidkqQADdJ9ojUxXig+66lDREKoLhIheDTAxIeq0K0zq5Vz/w7avQug+jmht
    +uh+tTCdz4peEFPGLE5TIrybqPWIvbH4D9KqwIrOvoolSdENAoHAaa+n0ZXGovFy
    Hjk02KSinY80b0VzOKKXCh3vc5+2WAS9Ar4no7Cobt5QhKA0GtYpLSCmUFRvsZ1P
    Gemb/FH+yC5nLvKaDOpHktZONIARP8e9R1ku9o+9lOFAIU0MYHx0Ep0y4XWgMrTp
    UuP3ai7zn++ag7Lu1QEm5pQAd2n+zMuKZbBISVA9fPbC9RkJX66E4zVbsEUnDDBD
    9Rlu+3Dc0LwSjtAxXPDInmEh2mp3O/aZtMPVUPgDA4Ig7GbQC6W/
    -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    
    -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
    MIIBojANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAY8AMIIBigKCAYEA1MSdsaPH2ShtjOo4c02+
    DbYcTdwUBLY+vNSXr2tV8/jGU059Jak9CA7VSlKR/fik18D7Lq1beLjW56kV4Xvm
    3qmpxOc3eNGmj8dqtO0G3Lp1FAZzxlu2SZsHmmVq9isZcN70apkwlDgIZ11NVIq/
    1iXzr0pIRMKkMNHTGBGBkYOrIcgdH2elvIqfiit6Gts/zho4YCjgyn/r3Vgy/jCu
    6VbfwE9xVY/DB4srD5LrZMabRzN2YwSTI+sRqpbt7I7nZ6o8CuyqHDLjbO9VzE0p
    ovBshTfoyog9XGcQHwTmWn4bdnsh2I1x3gQpaqxdRs4vnKmXJ9GvC/sYla0GYXyD
    ecpgjITqx3QA6aKx9+EVh/o6owYTHXaToVkP7U5m8cqaloQFfA8HLsGDg9A0QaMt
    ixnX7KtT/ZvKFMcazRJ1GX42UaeuO1opZKtjBHLtmaPadNeZdD77VytwY2UHeW5Q
    Snfpos7IxUTATpd6KTWUV3snVQnyiltCI1BHJC01sWePAgMBAAE=
    -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
* https://www.scottbrady91.com/openssl/creating-rsa-keys-using...

* https://goteleport.com/blog/comparing-ssh-keys/

All of the above correspond to roughly the security of AES 128. If you want AES 256 equivalence, double the size/length.

I'm in the habit of using ssh-copy-id(1), but there are a lot of places where you have to copy-paste in a web interface (and lots of instructions tell you to copy-paste into your remote ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file).

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tiffanyh 996 days ago
Is it a coincidence the generated keys start with the same first 3 letters (“MII…”)?
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isilofi 995 days ago
Length is then not an argument against always using Ed448 over Ed25519.
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