[throwaway1183]

> It's basically all downsides pretty much, and the only upside is being able to work on your passion - which is what motivates people who get into those fields.

Yes!! I can totally relate to what you are saying. I got started because I was interested and I am still passionate about it. But there is only so much that I can do. It just doesn't make sense for me to continue for PhD because even with PhD there is no guarantee that I would be able to get somewhere as I am definitely not someone coming from those top20 universities.

So by definition I rule out the chances of being an average research engineer. That's one clarity! Thank you!

Since I have most background in hard niches as you mentioned above, is there a way to transition to something else? What would the possible path be like if my ultimate goal is to become staff engineer or principal engineer?

[badpun]

This really depends on your previous experience. If, for example, you have previous experience with C++ (which is what is often used in those hard niches), it would make sense to just apply to generic C++ roles, and work your way up to high salary by getting promotions or changing companies. If you're in the US, it probably wouldn't hurt to apply to FAANG-type companies, as they rely heavily on the leet code, so your lack of concrete experience in things they do will not be a big problem (likely will just get you a low pay grade, but you can change that with promotions later).