[anomaloustho]

There are 2 different thoughts here I think. If using GitOps in Kubernetes, then application and set up (Pods) aren’t associated with Nodes (EC2). And both can be torn down and rebuilt without state issues. When state is required, then PVCs and Stateful Sets come into play.

For managed services like S3 and RDS, there are other GitOps tools like Crossplane.io which you can use for similar GitOps management. But the paradigm shift might also be that you add GitOps config to perform regular backups, and also add config to ensure that if it is being recreated, it restores from a backup.

[benterix]

> When state is required, then PVCs and Stateful Sets come into play.

And that's the problematic part. With GitOps, you manage the infrastructure, so in the case of PVCs these are PVC manifests - you need to manage data separately. But even if you exclude the data, even some PVC manifest changes like size change can be tricky. Also some properties are immutable (like its storage class, access modes etc.) so that you cannot modify a PVC without recreating it.

You can decide you want to avoid the problem completely and store your data outside of Kubernetes. Now you have two problems...