It's actually not technically possible for a faulty USB-C cable to function as a (> 5V) charging cable without data, because the power delivery negotiation happens over the data connection.
For USB C-C cables PD and passive 5V (5K1 pulldown) is negotiated over a separate CC pin from the USB2 D+/- pins, so it's theoretically possible if the D+/- lines are not connected/damaged.
USB A-C cables are entirely separate, there is no CC line, only a fixed always-on Vcc pin at 5V.