I find that Flatpaks[1] work really well for getting the latest version of GUI-only apps. For CLI tools and libraries I haven't found a great solution but I make do with an Arch Linux distrobox[2] container.
Flatpak is great, and Homebrew works nicely on Linux for other bits and pieces. Linux support made it upstream to https://brew.sh, so you get all the same things you'd get on a Mac.