[mohamedattahri]

This is factually untrue and I just gave you two counter-examples. While it's true that credit has long replaced deposits for money creation, the idea that all deposits strictly originate from some virtual loan operation is fallacious.

Consider that some banks are hundreds of years old and have commercial relationships that span well over a century, long pre-dating the modern financial system and the considerations we're discussing.

[hgomersall]

They weren't counter examples, they were just normal monetary transfers. Even early banks ran in the same way, with a double entry ledger. Every liability in the system is matched with a corresponding asset, that's just accounting.

[aeonik]

I was under the impression that every cent that is created by the Federal Reserve and the US Mint, is delivered to banks via a loan.

Wouldn't that mean that the origin of all "money" under this system, either be a loan or fraud?