[RandomLensman]

Agreed, but I think for places with a mature payments and debit infrastructure there isn't that much additional business and I suspect most banks' apps will just incorporate that like they do with NFC payments.

Most growth in payments is either new markets or markets that grow a lot, but not completion of rather mature markets (and additional services).

[vinay_ys]

When you compare UPI to western instant payment systems, the most important metrics to look at are consumer choice (banks and experience apps), cost of acceptance, settlement speed and fraud/clawback rates. UPI has broadest interop based consumer choice, free to consumers and lowest cost overall, highest volume of transactions, has fastest settlement and extremely minimal fraud. It is also most inclusive – it works with smartphones, feature phones and soon with only voice calls. It also works offline. And it works for everything from buying a cup of coffee to sending money to your grandma to doing investments in mutual funds and stocks and making large purchases like buying a car.