[kefyras]

> A lot of banks don't even have web interface and those they still do require you to install and link smartphone app to be able to log in or to pay with card online.

Which "classic" banks don't have online banking?

> While there might in theory be many second factors with different pros and cons, most bank only allow their own app and nothing else. The few stragglers that still allow text messages make it increasingly user hostile, e.g. rewrite 12 number code and enter special PIN, different from your normal PIN or just click a button in app!

I'm reasonably sure at least with most major Scandinavian banks you can use plain old OTP tokens.