During lockdowns my country required phone, to get permit to leave house. If I followed rules, I would not be able to buy food, and would starve to death!
A similar thing happened in Korea, to enter establishment there was a requirement to scan the business QR code then collect name and phone number on a government portal before entering, however the vast majority of people travel in Korea are assigned a sim with no number attached, so a lot of forigners just couldn't go out. To be fair, you couldn't enter the country for tourism at the time, but you could for business- so meetings at restaurants became a real challenge.