[zozbot234]

Case-based reasoning is VERY old. It shows up prominently in the Catholic tradition of practical ethics, drawing on Aristotelian thought. Of course in a more informal sense, people have been reasoning on a case-by-case basis since time immemorial.

[Rochus]

That's not what is meant here by case-based reasoning; CBR instead is an AI method which was prominent in the eighties and nineties where knowledge was represented in a semi-formal text representation and similarity was established by multi-dimensional assiociative indexing. One of the leading figures of the method was Roger Schank.