[peterlk]

Smoking increases risk of all cause mortality by 79% over non-smokers [0]. This means that your probability of dying by any cause in any time period is 79% higher if you smoke than of you didn’t smoke. If you’re not that worried about bpd or depression, perhaps you’ll consider all-cause-mortality.

[0] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9150905/

[alienicecream]

You say that with a lot of confidence, what is the causal mechanism?