Without this protection loans become more costly since you'd move risk to lenders. Where else can an 18 year old get an unsecured loan for this amount and rates? Nowhere, for good reason.
Schools most certainly compete for students, and a major factor is price.
Loans are not some boogey man whose simple presence suddenly throws out all cost consciousness.
If you look at surveys of biggest concerns about students (and their parents) selecting colleges, cost is the biggest factor (42% of them put this as #1 in the survey I'm looking at).
So no, loans are not letting prices run free by any means.
The Federal interest payments gave a stream of income to the lender.
But I thought in decades past someone used to assess the risk of someone not repaying, and limit the amount.
Or was it always a small amount no matter what? I remember not being able to afford even the state schools, even with the loans and meager scholarships.
If schools competed on price, prices would be lower.