I think you've misunderstood the quote. The solution that the great engineer produces is effective, but may not be efficient nor elegant if it doesn't need to be. The point is that solving the problem (and maybe stopping there) is more important than producing something that is fast or beautiful that doesn't solve the problem.
I think there's some overlap with:
> 13. Design is based on requirements. There's no justification for designing something one bit "better" than the requirements dictate.
I take this progression to mean that the novice will design a part or subsystem that is good by itself. The more experienced engineer is thinking bigger by taking into account the effect of the larger design on the portion they are working on. The great engineer is thinking holistically and so also considers how the part affects the whole design.
The same thing applies, I think, to anyone who works on a team. The beginner thinks of the problem by itself. The more experienced member thinks of how the system will influence what they are building or doing. The senior member will think about how the thing they are doing/building will in turn affect the whole (and weigh the consequences).
I think there's some overlap with:
> 13. Design is based on requirements. There's no justification for designing something one bit "better" than the requirements dictate.