[loveparade]

The question is too broad to answer meaningfully, akin to asking "How do I learn engineering" - You wouldn't recommend the same resources to someone wanting to learn Software Engineering to someone wanting to learn Chemical Engineering. These may have some overlap here and there, but they are quite different.

The specific example you mentioned IMO falls more under Economics and International Relations than under Financial Markets. You could start with Sowell's "Basic Economics" in this case for a very high-level overview that skips all the math.

In general, looking at curricula of universities is a good way to go about it. There are plenty of free courses out there.