[Daviey]

I suppose recent is subjective, but this one totally blew my mind. It's a 260 year old academic publication, which is older than the USA:

  Mr. Bayes and Mr. Price. “An Essay towards Solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances. By the Late Rev. Mr. Bayes, F. R. S. Communicated by Mr. Price, in a Letter to John Canton, A. M. F. R. S.” In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 53.0 (1763), pp. 370–418. DOI: 10.1098/rstl.1763.0053. URL: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1763.0053

Not only is this publication amazing because it is the source of conditional probability which is the basis for Bayes's Theorem, but a dated original of the document is available. The thing I find really beautiful is that it was submitted 2 years after the authors death, by his friend who found the material when going through his things. We will never know how much was changed prior to submission, but I find it a really beautiful tribute to his friend and the co-author makes it clear that the attribution should go to his friend, and that letter still exists today (and it is a lovely read). I can't think of anything similar which has been maintained 260 years later, and still a somewhat useful academic publication. I felt privileged to cite this reference in my MSc thesis.