[cubefox]

Not necessarily. In Germany we have "GiroPay", which literarily redirects you to a prefilled form in your online banking website. You have to choose your bank, enter your PIN, and click "okay". It's basically the same complexity as PayPal. (It's not hugely popular currently because it's fairly new and credit based services like PayPal have a headstart.)

[fastball]

But GiroPay is a product built on whatever payment rail is in use in Germany. In the same vein you need "FedPay" to make this as easy for the consumers. FedNow by itself won't really cut it.

[cubefox]

Sure, but the overhead is pretty minimal.