[jlawson]

Any human organization?

I don't expect 1-5% fraud in airline pilots, bank tellers, grocery store clerks, judges, structural engineers, restaurant chefs, or even cops (they can be assholes but you don't have to bribe them in functional countries).

I think academics can do better than 1-5% fraudulent.

[cycomanic]

What? In all of the ones you mentioned there is a known significant amount of fraudulent behaviour.

Store clerks, theft is about 1-2% of sales typically. It has been said for years that the majority of that theft is from employees. Airline pilots have been known to drink during their flights (or go away from there seat for other reasons that are not in the rules).

Cops, I mean don't get me started, just the protection of a cop who has done something wrong by the other cops would count as fraudulent, but I don't see many cops going after their own black sheep.

Judges, in Germany deals (i.e. the accused pleads guilty to lesser charges so the bigger ones get dropped) are only legal under very limited circumstances (almost never and need to be properly documented). Nevertheless, in studies >80% of lawyers reported that they had encountered these deals).

I think you seriously underestimate the amount of fraudulent behaviour.

[cycomanic]

Also coming back to judges. The behaviour by Thomas and Alito regarding presents etc. Would count as serious scientific misconduct in academia. So there's a significant percentage just there already.

[P_I_Staker]

I expect far higher levels of fraud in these professions.