| Pogroms did occur but they were not the norm for the society. Al-Andalusia is notable for periods of tolerance between its diverse strata. The point I was conveying in my previous comment was that they are not equal and the same. We have much evidence that the Christian kingdoms in Iberia were much more brutal to the inhabitants of Al-Andalus. Partly this had to do with the dogmatism of the Christian kingdoms which refused to allow other beliefs to settle once things like the Spanish Inquisition really set into motion. It is disingenuous to claim they are the same. The Muslim empires extended relatively much tolerance to their Christian minorities, as part of doctrine also, compared to the reverse in a Christian dominated realm at the time. The jizya taxes were a way for minority religions to obtain protection under Dhimmi status, which enabled them practice of their religion. Compare this to how the Christian Kingdoms in Iberia after completing their “Reconquista” began forced conversions and even new converts were treated with suspicion to the point they were forced to perform litmus tests like drinking alcohol and pork, which both Jews and Muslims do not eat. In fact, religious rulings were issued specially for the remaining Muslims in Iberia which allowed them to outwardly confirm to Christian faith under duress [1] while still practicing their own religion. The fall of Constantinople was limited to three days of looting, which was lenient considering the prominence of obtaining the capital of old Roman Empire. Additionally, the nature of slavery within the Ottoman Empire slaves were an answer to dealing with prisoners of war instead of massacre or mass rape & were not forcibly converted except in case of the later Devsirme system which gave rise to the Janissaries. 1: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oran_fatwa |
Al-Andalus was not a particular tolerant kingdom. Some examples:
- Almanzor campaigns were famous for his cruelty and slavery of civilians [1] - Civil wars among the Taifas were crucial for the Reconquista [2]
I'm afraid I see you are nitpicking facts that match your agenda. Medieval times in the Iberian Peninsula where cruel, nightmarish, and a time where human life had no value. You are also forgetting the fact that Muslims were very fond of sexual slavery[3]
There was no particular difference in social or equalitarian behaviour between Christian and Muslim kingdoms, even sometimes they were allied warring against a third-party![4]
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanzor#Loot_and_slaves
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconquista#Muslim_infighting
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_concubinage_in_the_...
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada#Formation_a...