[EGreg]

Personally, I think we will move beyond blockchains. There are new technologies out there (DAG, HashGraph, and our own: Intercloud). There is also "sidetree protocol" that is used to secure Merkle trees with a blockchain, used by Microsoft's DID-compliant new ION for identity, and also I think by bluesky. But at the moment, Blockchain is widespread, kind of like PHP is widespread.

Polygon is probably going to be the winning provider of the space: https://community.intercoin.app/t/polygon-overtakes-ethereum... (although there are smaller ones, such as Arbitrum, Cardano)

I imagine that, in the future, we will simply have an "embarrassingly parallel" set of append-only logs, which is already possible with projects like Hypercore. And we will run consensus with those.

As for your question - the way you have secret voting is by using ring signatures. (Monero has ring signatures.) You just have to indicate that you're part of a group, and that you used your one vote, but it doesn't say who you are https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_signature

This was known since 2004, and doesn't require blockchains in fact: https://eprint.iacr.org/2004/281.pdf

A blockchain-based way would be to use a mixer (like Tornado Cash does) to mix up the tokens so each person still has exactly 1 but now it's harder to trace who has which one.