[chrismorgan]

To expand a little on this, by pulling out one key piece of the article:

This is what the footnote of the bit about &(i32, Cell<i32>) clarifies (which footnote was added due to this misunderstanding, discussed in https://old.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/13y8a9b/from_stacks_t...).

> In particular, for &(i32, Cell<i32>), TB allows mutating both fields, including the first field which is a regular i32, since it just treats the entire reference as “this allows aliasing”.¹

> ¹ This does not mean that we bless such mutation! It just means that the compiler cannot use immutability of the first field for its optimizations. Basically, immutability of that field becomes a safety invariant instead of a validity invariant […]

This matter of safety versus validity invariants is key (https://www.ralfj.de/blog/2018/08/22/two-kinds-of-invariants...).