[donalhunt]

Ireland (and I suspect other European countries) seem to have found a good model.

Right now, we have the following:

- FTTH networks (3 - POTS successor, electric company, government rollout) - cable TV networks in urban areas (docsis, fiber coming allegedly) - fixed wireless - 4g / 5g fixed installs - 4g / 5g hotspots - LEO / geostationary satellite

For most technologies (except cable), there is competition through retail companies that rely on wholesale providers for the network. Residents in urban areas typically have access to 1-2 high speed (FTTH / fast docsis) options but coverage is still variable countrywide.

In most urban areas, there are metro networks that businesses can tap into which reduces the cost of landing (diverse) fibers.