What I always wonder about with these systems is how feedback was delivered to the cultured neurons. How do we tell them they're doing things correctly? Or is this some form of unsupervised learning with them?
They used a specific region of the electrode array to deliver the "reward" signal which was a regular predictable pulse pattern . An error was represented with unpredictable activity
The paper used unfortunate terminology everywhere even if there were negative comments about in the preprint. It caused a number of reactions
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36863319/
They used a specific region of the electrode array to deliver the "reward" signal which was a regular predictable pulse pattern . An error was represented with unpredictable activity