[Jedd]

That is a spectacular response!

My bio knowledge is very basic, so forgive naiviety in these two questions.

First, I'm not asking you to go through the math on the spot, but I'm guessing that lower-bound capability is well understood in 'the field', but is it documented against various species? Perhaps mapping against current / projected GPU/compute systems capabilities? (I know there's a project to model a worm's brain, IIRC down to molecular level. But I'm picturing a 'we are 3 years away from being able to emulate a basset hound, 4 years for a border collie' - that kind of roadmap.)

Second, you said upper bound is to ignore sub-atomic. I thought we had proton and electron gradients, at least in metabolism. I believe proton there is a synonym for Hydrogen (atom), but electron would imply some potential need to emulate at sub-atomic? Have I misunderstood the bounding / chemistry involved?

[DoctorOetker]

The electron and proton are considered parts of the realm in atomic physics still. When physicists speak of sub-atomic they tend to mean any physics below the Aufbau model or electrons and nuclei.