[hedora]

On a related note, providers that have independent instances for each customer (so no multi-tenancy) typically get about 3 more nines than, say, AWS. On prem enterprise is a typical example of this, and it is still used in safety critical industries for this reason.

Eventually, all outages are black swan events. If you have 1000 independent instances (i.e., 1000 customers), when the unexpected thing hits, you’re still 99.9% available during the time when the impacted instance is down.

Also, you can probably permanently prevent the black swan from hitting again before it hits again.