[markmaglana]

Astute observation!

I’ve had a similar issue with the Business Model Canvas which, while very useful in visualizing a business’ model, leaves me hanging and a bit uncomfortable because, as you said, there are no (or incomplete) hard data to back up its claims.

On the other hand, if we were to consider these tools as just hypotheses makers and validate those hypotheses with the company’s financials (among other things), I think they’d be a very valuable component of a very able business management toolkit.