[vetinari]

> 1. Windows 3.1 can run without DOS. For example: on top of DR DOS, an entirely independent operating system from a different vendor. And of course it also runs on top of OS/2 2.0 and above which is not remotely DOS like in structure. Now yes to be fair that is because IBM had access to the Microsoft source code for Windows 3.0 and 3.1. Even so it falsifies your statement

You are mixing up the terms here.

Windows 3.1 cannot run without DOS.

Windows 3.1 can run without MS DOS.

The difference is, that you provide other DOS implementation. It cannot run if you remove it. It was not able to boot itself, the launcher itself (win.com) was DOS executable.