[reedciccio]

And data!! Don't forget that all the large accumulators of raw data available for commercially-supported research is in the US. A brutal combo of all 3: hardware data and competence available in one country. China has two of the 3, and until recently had free access to hardware, too. Europeans lack data and hardware.

[eigenket]

Deepmind was literally founded in the UK and is headquartered in London.

Comercially supported research is (in my opinion) relatively OK in Europe, its just that the big US tech companies are so big they'll just buy you if you do something sufficiently interesting.