[abdullahkhalids]

> I was discussing regular semester work, as opposed to final/midterm exams

In my experience, these are completely useless for any core course as you mention. I have tried stuff like this in my courses, and it doesn't work. In fact, I know some students pay others to make the presentation for them, and coach them on the presentation.

Even for course projects, I have graded meetings with students before the final presentation/report. This helps ensure that they are doing the work themselves rather than depending on others. But yes, this takes a lot of time.

> Some other teachers (as well as the administration) prefer written exams, as there is a clear proof of work that can be analyzed if grades are disputed.

Video record them, my friend.