[jhas78asd]

Thanks for calling out table partitioning. Besides implementing it at one level, multiple levels can be used simultaneously (eg list and range). Tables can be grouped and split out to their own database (aka functional sharding/vertical sharding) and again partitioned. This all takes more effort and investment but keeps you on PostgreSQL. As you said fillfactor can be tuned, more HOT updates. Even analyzing whether the Updates could be turned into inserts that are written at a high rate, not incurring bloat, and then fewer updates are made at a rate that does not outrun Vacuum.