[uoaei]

This brings up an interesting question: are we intelligent when we merely employ models, or only when we extrapolate from them?

In other words, does a maximally-parsimonious theory contain all the knowledge you need, or is there something extra (typically called "reasoning") that is needed to perform analysis on and draw conclusions from such a model?

[sdwr]

Godel would say you can always break the system.

Game theory would say there are dominant strategies, and sometimes they require guessing or bluffing.

Economics would say, once too many people are using a dominant strategy, it's time to switch it up.