There are actually a number of different pesticides that are linked to parkinson's. It's especially strong for farmers who get a much larger dose than the people consuming the food - simply type "parkinson's farmer pesticide" into google scholar. One example is Paraquat, which is already banned in numerous countries but not US [1]. Aside from this Parkinson's link being established in farmers who use Paraquat, it's found it rats too.
No, none are "confirmed causes". There are mild associations between the use of certain pesticides and Parkinson's, but much lower than the overall genetic risk factors, and there's always the possibility of confounding factors in the studies.
What's your source, if you don't mind me asking? I ask because some pesticides are well established to be linked to increased risk of parkinson's. Including carbamates (3.5x), organophosphorus (2x) and organoclorine (2x).
Maybe. The correlation is weak. If you're looking for a stronger correlation, try obesity.
People who are very overweight or obese in middle age (35-55) are significantly more likely to develop Parkinson's after 60, even if they lose the weight prior to diagnosis. Now this could be a pure lifestyle-correlation, but my spidey sense suggests it's causative, knowing how causative obesity is for SO MANY other degenerative and chronic diseases.
The best advice you can give anyone, at any time, for the prevention of nearly every poor health outcome we have a name for is and always will be: don't get fat; if you're fat, stop being fat.
Another is rotenone [2].
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraquat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rotenone